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brook silverside
''Labidesthes sicculus'', also known as the Brook silverside is a North American species of Neotropical silverside. The brook silverside lives in slow moving rivers and lakes from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi Basin and Gulf Coastal Plains. The brook silverside survives best in clear water with aquatic vegetation. ''L. sicculus'' feeds on a diet of copepods, insect larvae, and winged insects. The spawning season of the brook silverside occurs during the spring and early summer. The survival of freshwater fishes such as the brook silverside is increasingly threatened. In order to ensure survival of the brook silverside, turbidity of natural habitats should be monitored.
==Geographic distribution==
The distribution of brook silverside populations range from the Great Lakes southward through the Mississippi Basin and Gulf Coastal Plains (including 27 U.S. states and parts of Canada). It is native to the majority of this distribution, but has also been stocked outside of its natural range as forage food for sport fishes.〔Jonna, R. (2004): (Actinopterygii. ) NatureServe.〕 The brook silverside occupies freshwater lakes, ponds, quiet pools and small rivers. The environment ranges from cool to warm water 〔Marsden, J.E., Langdon, R.W. & Good, S.P. (2000): First occurrence of the brook silverside (''Labidesthes sicculus'') in Lake Champlain, Vermont. ''Northeastern Naturalist, 7 (3): 248-254.''〕 with variability in levels of gradient and vegetation. Consistently, however, the brook silverside prefers clear water with low substrate concentrations. The brook silverside is vulnerable to turbid waters.〔Powles, P.M. & Sandeman, I.M. (2008): Growth, summer cohort output, and observations on the reproduction of brook silverside, ''Labidesthes sicculus'' (Cope) in the Kawartha Lakes, Ontario. ''Environmental Biology of Fishes, 82 (4): 421-431.''〕 In Tennessee, brook silverside populations were shown to have decreased shortly after the construction of the Tennessee-Tombagbee Waterway. Populations likely declined because of introduced competition.〔Strongin, K., Taylor, C.M., Roberts, M.E., Neill, W.H. & Gelwick, F. (2011): Food Habits and Dietary Overlap of Two Silversides in the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway: The Invasive ''Menidia audens'' Versus the Native ''Labidesthes sicculus''. ''The American Midland Naturalist, 166 (1): 224-233.''〕
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